School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/10735.1/1526
The mission of the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences is to understand the intersection of mind, brain and behavior; enhance the health, education, and quality of life of children and families; and create and implement technologies and therapies that repair and strengthen human abilities. We accomplish these goals by recruiting and supporting outstanding faculty to conduct innovative research and student training in a climate that fosters collaboration across
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Browsing School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences by Author "0000 0001 1596 5452 (Rugg, MD)"
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Item Age-Related Differences in Prestimulus Subsequent Memory Effects Assessed with Event-Related Potentials(MIT Press Journals) Koen, Joshua D.; Horne, Erin D.; Hauck, Nedra; Rugg, Michael D.; Koen, Joshua D.; Horne, Erin D.; Hauck, Nedra; Rugg, Michael D.; 0000 0001 1596 5452 (Rugg, MD)Prestimulus subsequent memory effects (preSMEs)-differences in neural activity elicited by a task cue at encoding that are predictive of later memory performance-are thought to reflect differential engagement of preparatory processes that benefit episodic memory encoding. We investigated age differences in preSMEs indexed by differences in ERP amplitude just before the onset of a study item. Young and older adults incidentally encoded words for a subsequent memory test. Each study word was preceded by a task cue that signaled a judgment to perform on the word. Words were presented for either a short (300 msec) or long (1000 msec) duration with the aim of placing differential benefits on engaging preparatory processes initiated by the task cue. ERPs associated with subsequent successful and unsuccessful recollection, operationalized here by source memory accuracy, were estimated time-locked to the onset of the task cue. In a late time window (1000-2000 msec after onset of the cue), young adults demonstrated frontally distributed preSMEs for both the short and long study durations, albeit with opposite polarities in the two conditions. This finding suggests that preSMEs in young adults are sensitive to perceived task demands. Although older adults showed no evidence of preSMEs in the same late time window, significant preSMEs were observed in an earlier time window (500-1000 msec) that was invariant with study duration. These results are broadly consistent with the proposal that older adults differ from their younger counterparts in how they engage preparatory processes during memory encoding.Item Comparison of the Neural Correlates of Encoding Item-Item and Item-Context AssociationsWong, Jenny X.; de Chastelaine, Marianne; Rugg, Michael D.; 0000 0001 1596 5452 (Rugg, MD); 92008261 (Rugg)fMRI was employed to investigate the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in the encoding of item-item and item-context associations. On each of a series of study trials subjects viewed a picture that was presented either to the left or right of fixation, along with a subsequently presented word that appeared at fixation. Memory was tested in a subsequent memory test that took place outside of the scanner. On each test trial one of two forced choice judgments was required. For the associative test, subjects chose between the word paired with the picture at study and a word studied on a different trial. For the source test, the judgment was whether the picture had been presented on the left or right. Successful encoding of associative information was accompanied by subsequent memory effects in several cortical regions, including much of the LIFG. By contrast, successful source encoding was selectively associated with a subsequent memory effect in right fusiform cortex. The finding that the LIFG was enhanced during successful associative, but not source, encoding is interpreted in light of the proposal that subsequent memory effects are localized to cortical regions engaged by the on-line demands of the study task.;