School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences
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The mission of the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences is to understand the intersection of mind, brain and behavior; enhance the health, education, and quality of life of children and families; and create and implement technologies and therapies that repair and strengthen human abilities. We accomplish these goals by recruiting and supporting outstanding faculty to conduct innovative research and student training in a climate that fosters collaboration across
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Browsing School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences by Author "0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE)"
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Item Increased Social Cognitive Bias in Subclinical Paranoia(Elsevier Inc.) Klein, Hans S.; Kelsven, S.; Pinkham, Amy E.; 0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE); Klein, Hans S.; Pinkham, Amy E.This article has no abstract. Following is the first paragraph: "Recent initiatives have shifted the emphasis from studying pathological illnesses as separate diagnostic entities to examining specific symptoms on a continuum from healthy, to subclinical, to clinical levels (i.e. RDoC, Clark et al., 2017). One of these symptoms, paranoia, has been extensively reported in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, but has also been reported to exist at elevated levels in approximately 10–15% of individuals in general population (Freeman, 2007). Higher levels of subclinical paranoia have been associated with greater social anxiety (Tone et al., 2011), as well as greater depression, self-consciousness, and lower self-esteem (Combs and Penn, 2004). Individuals higher in subclinical paranoia also show measurable deficits as compared to those low in subclinical paranoia, most notably socially relevant domains including emotion perception (Combs et al., 2013) and occupational and social functioning (Rössler et al., 2007)." ©2018 The Authors.Item Increased Social Cognitive Bias in Subclinical ParanoiaKlein, Hans S.; Kelsven, Skylar; Pinkham, Amy E.; 0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE); Klein, Hans S.; Pinkham, Amy E.Background: Recent analyses from the SCOPE study have revealed significant relationships between measures of social cognitive biases and specific symptoms, such as paranoia, in individuals with schizophrenia (Buck et al, 2016; Pinkham et al. 2016). Although prior research in subclinical populations report that those with high levels of paranoia exhibit deficits in social cognition and social functioning (Combs & Penn 2004, Combs et al 2013), we seek to expand this literature by examining the relationship between paranoia, social cognitive biases, and social functioning to determine whether the same symptom-specific deficits can be seen in a nonclinical population. Methods: Utilizing measures of social cognition identified by a RAND panel in Pinkham et al (2014), undergraduate participants were tested on emotion recognition, Theory of Mind, social perception, and attributional style as well as state paranoia, clinical measures associated with paranoia, and self-assessments of social functioning. Results: Using bivariate correlations, we examined the relationship between subclinical paranoia, social cognition, and social functioning. Self-ratings of subclinical paranoia were validated via significant correlations with clinical measures, supporting the notion that these individuals fall along the paranoia continuum. Moderate correlations were seen between paranoia ratings and AIHQ hostility bias (r = .367), aggression bias (r = .442), and blame score (r = .344), all Ps < .001. Additionally, small correlations were observed between paranoia and emotion perception (ER40; r = −.198, P = .028), Theory of Mind (TASIT; r = −.208, P = .021), and assessments of trustworthiness (P = −.182, P = .044). Paranoia was significantly correlated with social withdrawal (r = −.363, P < .001). Conclusion: This study reveals positive links between increased paranoia and social cognitive bias and demonstrates that paranoia exerts a similar effect on social cognition and social functioning across a continuum spanning from healthy to pathological. Further examination of these deficits in both clinical and subclinical populations will provide information on the mechanisms underlying paranoia.Item Paranoid Individual with Schizophrenia Show Greater Social Cognitive Bias and Worse Social Functioning than Non-Paranoid Individuals with Schizophrenia(Elsevier Inc.) Pinkham, Amy E.; Harvey, P. D.; Penn, D. L.; 0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE); Pinkham, Amy E.Paranoia is a common symptom of schizophrenia that may be related to how individuals process and respond to social stimuli. Previous investigations support a link between increased paranoia and greater social cognitive impairments, but these studies have been limited to single domains of social cognition, and no studies have examined how paranoia may influence functional outcome. Data from 147 individuals with schizophrenia were used to examine whether actively paranoid and non-paranoid individuals with schizophrenia differ in social cognition and functional outcomes. On measures assessing social cognitive bias, paranoid individuals endorsed more hostile and blaming attributions and identified more faces as untrustworthy; however, paranoid and non-paranoid individuals did not differ on emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks assessing social cognitive ability. Likewise, paranoid individuals showed greater impairments in real-world interpersonal relationships and social acceptability as compared to non-paranoid patients, but these differences did not extend to performance based tasks assessing functional capacity and social competence. These findings isolate specific social cognitive disparities between paranoid and non-paranoid subgroups and suggest that paranoia may exacerbate the social dysfunction that is commonly experienced by individuals with schizophrenia. © 2016 The Authors.