Browsing by Author "Aliev, Ali E."
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Item Reversible superconductivity in electrochromic indium-tin oxide films(American Institute of Physics, 2012-12-19) Aliev, Ali E.; Xiong, K.; Cho, K.; Salamon, Myron Ben, 1939-; 0000 0001 0965 7058 (Salamon, MB); 79014293 (Salamon, MB); Salamon, Myron B.Transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films, electrochemically intercalated with sodium or other cations, show tunable superconducting transitions with a maximum Tc at 5 K. The transition temperature and the density of states, D(EF) (extracted from the measured Pauli susceptibility χp) exhibit the same dome shaped behavior as a function of electron density. Optimally intercalated samples have an upper critical field ≈ 4 T and Δ/kBTc ≈ 2.0. Accompanying the development of superconductivity, the films show a reversible electrochromic change from transparent to colored and are partially transparent (orange) at the peak of the superconducting dome. This reversible intercalation of alkali and alkali earth ions into thin ITO films opens diverse opportunities for tunable, optically transparent superconductors.Item Sequentially Bridged Graphene Sheets with High Strength, Toughness, and Electrical Conductivity(National Academy of Sciences) Wan, S.; Li, Y.; Mu, Jiuke; Aliev, Ali E.; Fang, Shaoli; Kotov, N. A.; Jiang, L.; Cheng, Q.; Baughman, Ray H.; Mu, Jiuke; Aliev, Ali E.; Fang, Shaoli; Baughman, Ray H.We here show that infiltrated bridging agents can convert inexpensively fabricated graphene platelet sheets into high-performance materials, thereby avoiding the need for a polymer matrix. Two types of bridging agents were investigated for interconnecting graphene sheets, which attach to sheets by either π–π bonding or covalent bonding. When applied alone, the π–π bonding agent is most effective. However, successive application of the optimized ratio of π–π bonding and covalent bonding agents provides graphene sheets with the highest strength, toughness, fatigue resistance, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, and resistance to ultrasonic dissolution. Raman spectroscopy measurements of stress transfer to graphene platelets allow us to decipher the mechanisms of property improvement. In addition, the degree of orientation of graphene platelets increases with increasing effectiveness of the bonding agents, and the interlayer spacing increases. Compared with other materials that are strong in all directions within a sheet, the realized tensile strength (945 MPa) of the resin-free graphene platelet sheets was higher than for carbon nanotube or graphene platelet composites, and comparable to that of commercially available carbon fiber composites. The toughness of these composites, containing the combination of π–π bonding and covalent bonding, was much higher than for these other materials having high strengths for all in-plane directions, thereby opening the path to materials design of layered nanocomposites using multiple types of quantitatively engineered chemical bonds between nanoscale building blocks.Item Thermoacoustic Sound Projector: Exceeding the Fundamental Efficiency of Carbon NanotubesAliev, Ali E.; Codoluto, Daniel; Baughman, Ray H.; Ovalle-Robles, Raquel; Inoue, Kanzan; Romanov, Stepan A.; Nasibulin, Albert; Kumar, Prashant; Priya, Shashank; Mayo, Nathanael K.; Blottman, John; 0000 0003 5232 4253 (Baughman, RH); Aliev, Ali E.; Codoluto, Daniel; Baughman, Ray H.The combination of smooth, continuous sound spectra produced by a sound source having no vibrating parts, a nanoscale thickness of a flexible active layer and the feasibility of creating large, conformal projectors provoke interest in thermoacoustic phenomena. However, at low frequencies, the sound pressure level (SPL) and the sound generation efficiency of an open carbon nanotube sheet (CNTS) is low. In addition, the nanoscale thickness of fragile heating elements, their high sensitivity to the environment and the high surface temperatures practical for thermoacoustic sound generation necessitate protective encapsulation of a freestanding CNTS in inert gases. Encapsulation provides the desired increase of sound pressure towards low frequencies. However, the protective enclosure restricts heat dissipation from the resistively heated CNTS and the interior of the encapsulated device. Here, the heat dissipation issue is addressed by short pulse excitations of the CNTS. An overall increase of energy conversion efficiency by more than four orders (from 10⁻⁵ to 0.1) and the SPL of 120 dB re 20 μPa @ 1 m in air and 170 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m in water were demonstrated. The short pulse excitation provides a stable linear increase of output sound pressure with substantially increased input power density ( > 2.5 W cm⁻²). We provide an extensive experimental study of pulse excitations in different thermodynamic regimes for freestanding CNTSs with varying thermal inertias (single-walled and multiwalled with varying diameters and numbers of superimposed sheet layers) in vacuum and in air. The acoustical and geometrical parameters providing further enhancement of energy conversion efficiency are discussed.Item Thermoacoustic Sound Projector: Exceeding the Fundamental Efficiency of Carbon Nanotubes(IOP Publishing Ltd) Aliev, Ali E.; Codoluto, Daniel; Baughman, Ray H.; Ovalle-Robles, Raquel; Inoue, Kanzan; Romanov, Stepan A.; Nasibulin, Albert G.; Kumar, Prashant; Priya, Shashank; Mayo, Nathanael K.; Blottman, John B.; 0000 0003 5232 4253 (Baughman, RH); 0000-0001-5845-5137 (Baughman, RH); Aliev, Ali E.; Codoluto, Daniel; Baughman, Ray H.The combination of smooth, continuous sound spectra produced by a sound source having no vibrating parts, a nanoscale thickness of a flexible active layer and the feasibility of creating large, conformal projectors provoke interest in thermoacoustic phenomena. However, at low frequencies, the sound pressure level (SPL) and the sound generation efficiency of an open carbon nanotube sheet (CNTS) is low. In addition, the nanoscale thickness of fragile heating elements, their high sensitivity to the environment and the high surface temperatures practical for thermoacoustic sound generation necessitate protective encapsulation of a freestanding CNTS in inert gases. Encapsulation provides the desired increase of sound pressure towards low frequencies. However, the protective enclosure restricts heat dissipation from the resistively heated CNTS and the interior of the encapsulated device. Here, the heat dissipation issue is addressed by short pulse excitations of the CNTS. An overall increase of energy conversion efficiency by more than four orders (from 10⁻⁵ to 0.1) and the SPL of 120 dB re 20 μPa @ 1 m in air and 170 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m in water were demonstrated. The short pulse excitation provides a stable linear increase of output sound pressure with substantially increased input power density (> 2.5 W cm⁻². We provide an extensive experimental study of pulse excitations in different thermodynamic regimes for freestanding CNTSs with varying thermal inertias (single-walled and multiwalled with varying diameters and numbers of superimposed sheet layers) in vacuum and in air. The acoustical and geometrical parameters providing further enhancement of energy conversion efficiency are discussed.