Browsing by Author "Clarke, Harold D."
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Item A Comparative Study of the China Factor in Taiwan and Hong Kong Elections(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018-05-20) Ho, Karl; Wong, Stan Hok-wui; Clarke, Harold D.; Lee, Kuan-Chen; Lee, WC; Ho, Karl; Clarke, Harold D.This chapter probes the economic dimension of the China factor in Taiwan and Hong Kong politics. We discuss how economic integration efforts affect elections and party competitions in smaller states neighboring China. Research on globalization suggests that freer international trade redistributes wealth among big and small states and reshapes local or regional political cleavages. Growing inequalities among and within these states could consequently reinforce localist identities and pro-independence movements. In the case of China, economic integration manifested in recent free trade treaties with Taiwan and Hong Kong coincides with the rise of localism and state-wide protests against further integration. In this study, we examine the micro-level connections between economic integration and political disintegration using new survey data about public perceptions of China in these societies. ©2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AGItem Immigration Enforcement and Leader Image: President Trump and Support for ICE(2020-04-16) Hoffman, Blake; Clarke, Harold D.; Stewart, Marianne C.If a political leader were to speak on immigration enforcement policies, such as President Trump has, would Americans be in more or less favor of immigration enforcement policies? Immigration studies have shown that in-group populations, Americans in this context, perceive out-group populations, immigrants in this context, as threats to their homeland. More specifically, in-group populations can perceive out-group populations as threats to their physical security, culture, or their economic security. With these distinctions in mind, one may ask if Americans support immigration enforcement based on a perceived threat that they experience while thinking about immigrants coming to this country? Using 2019 experimental Cooperative Congressional Election Survey data, we will illustrate which perceived threats may be associated with President Trump’s leader image, and more generally, immigrants. How Americans perceive immigration enforcement policies may depend on how policymakers prime and frame issues related immigration and immigration enforcement. Along with explaining variation in attitudes toward immigration enforcement, this research examines support for President Trump and the abolishment of ICE.Item Liberal Peace in East Asia? A Study of China-Taiwan Relations(2019-05) Yang, Kuo-Chu; Clarke, Harold D.According to the concept of democratic peace, the more democracies emerge, the less conflict will occur. However, a mature democracy is not built and can not be consolidated in one day. In fact, an immature democratic state may increase the risk of conflict with other states. To be specific, the probability of conflict between states may increase or could actually occur when a state is in the process of consolidating its democracy. In a word, for a young democratic state such as Taiwan, the peace may not come along with democracy. As a result, democracy may not necessarily produce the pacifying effect on China-Taiwan relations. The conventional wisdom claims that trade generally reduces conflict. In fact, the pacifying trade effect on conflict is conditional. In a nutshell, the claim that trade generally reduces conflict is unclear; that is, it implies that the pacifying trade effect on conflict may not suitable to China-Taiwan relations. Finally, domestic factors in Taiwan, such as national identity and party ID, play crucial roles to influence people’s attitudes toward China and to affect people’s voting behavior. Therefore, leaders need to take domestic factors into their considerations while making China policies. All in all, does democracy produce the pacifying effect on conflict? Does more trade lead to less conflict? Could domestic factors affect the cross-Strait (China-Taiwan) relations? Build upon studying those million-dollar questions, a wider picture of understanding about whether or not the concept of liberal peace is suitable to East Asia could become more clear and vivid. Hence, this dissertation aims to shed some lights on those research agendas. To conclude, my contribution is to test the conventional liberal peace wisdom to see if it is a useful policy to deal with a rising China. Hopefully, this dissertation can shed some lights on forthcoming scholars who are interested in an ascending China.Item Public Opinion Regarding LGBT Policies: Determinants, Dynamics, and Consequences of Attitudes in the United States and Europe(2018-08) Manley, Steven Paul; Clarke, Harold D.The dissertation consists of three chapters that examine the nature, causes, and consequences of attitudes towards same-sex marriage and other lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) policies from a political science perspective. The first essay studies the determinants and dynamics in attitudes regarding same-sex marriage in the United States across individuals and geographic regions over time, as well as the electoral consequences of those opinions. This analysis examines opinion over a longer period (from 1988 to 2016) than past research and includes hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) modeling, a multi-level modeling technique that more robustly elucidates the degree to which liberalization of public opinion has occurred due to age cohort succession and intracohort change. The second essay in this dissertation seeks to disentangle the determinants of attitudes towards business owners who refuse service to gays and lesbians due to their religious or moral objections to homosexuality. In what has become an increasingly salient issue, some see such a refusal of service as discrimination against gays and lesbians while others view it as the religious liberty of the business owner. This analysis will (1) clarify the determinants of attitudes towards business owners who refuse service, (2) examine the effect such attitudes have on electoral choice, and (3) study the effect of question wording on support for business owners’ ability to refuse service. The third essay examines the determinants and changes in opinion regarding same-sex marriage over time in several European countries to provide a comparative perspective.