Browsing by Author "Klein, Hans S."
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Item Implicit and Explicit Bodily Emotions and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia(Elsevier Science BV, 2019-02-12) Hajduk, M.; Klein, Hans S.; Springfield, Cassi R.; Bass, E.; Pinkham, Amy E.; Klein, Hans S.; Springfield, Cassi R.; Bass, E.; Pinkham, Amy E.No abstract available. From the text: "The aim of the present study is to analyze whether explicit and implicit recognition of bodily emotions predicts interpersonal functioning in patients with schizophrenia. The secondary aim was to analyze whether these relationships are present using self - report and objective measures of social functioning."Item Increased Social Cognitive Bias in Subclinical Paranoia(Elsevier Inc.) Klein, Hans S.; Kelsven, S.; Pinkham, Amy E.; 0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE); Klein, Hans S.; Pinkham, Amy E.This article has no abstract. Following is the first paragraph: "Recent initiatives have shifted the emphasis from studying pathological illnesses as separate diagnostic entities to examining specific symptoms on a continuum from healthy, to subclinical, to clinical levels (i.e. RDoC, Clark et al., 2017). One of these symptoms, paranoia, has been extensively reported in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, but has also been reported to exist at elevated levels in approximately 10–15% of individuals in general population (Freeman, 2007). Higher levels of subclinical paranoia have been associated with greater social anxiety (Tone et al., 2011), as well as greater depression, self-consciousness, and lower self-esteem (Combs and Penn, 2004). Individuals higher in subclinical paranoia also show measurable deficits as compared to those low in subclinical paranoia, most notably socially relevant domains including emotion perception (Combs et al., 2013) and occupational and social functioning (Rössler et al., 2007)." ©2018 The Authors.Item Increased Social Cognitive Bias in Subclinical ParanoiaKlein, Hans S.; Kelsven, Skylar; Pinkham, Amy E.; 0000 0003 5220 0111 (Pinkham, AE); Klein, Hans S.; Pinkham, Amy E.Background: Recent analyses from the SCOPE study have revealed significant relationships between measures of social cognitive biases and specific symptoms, such as paranoia, in individuals with schizophrenia (Buck et al, 2016; Pinkham et al. 2016). Although prior research in subclinical populations report that those with high levels of paranoia exhibit deficits in social cognition and social functioning (Combs & Penn 2004, Combs et al 2013), we seek to expand this literature by examining the relationship between paranoia, social cognitive biases, and social functioning to determine whether the same symptom-specific deficits can be seen in a nonclinical population. Methods: Utilizing measures of social cognition identified by a RAND panel in Pinkham et al (2014), undergraduate participants were tested on emotion recognition, Theory of Mind, social perception, and attributional style as well as state paranoia, clinical measures associated with paranoia, and self-assessments of social functioning. Results: Using bivariate correlations, we examined the relationship between subclinical paranoia, social cognition, and social functioning. Self-ratings of subclinical paranoia were validated via significant correlations with clinical measures, supporting the notion that these individuals fall along the paranoia continuum. Moderate correlations were seen between paranoia ratings and AIHQ hostility bias (r = .367), aggression bias (r = .442), and blame score (r = .344), all Ps < .001. Additionally, small correlations were observed between paranoia and emotion perception (ER40; r = −.198, P = .028), Theory of Mind (TASIT; r = −.208, P = .021), and assessments of trustworthiness (P = −.182, P = .044). Paranoia was significantly correlated with social withdrawal (r = −.363, P < .001). Conclusion: This study reveals positive links between increased paranoia and social cognitive bias and demonstrates that paranoia exerts a similar effect on social cognition and social functioning across a continuum spanning from healthy to pathological. Further examination of these deficits in both clinical and subclinical populations will provide information on the mechanisms underlying paranoia.Item The Limited Effect of Neural Stimulation on Visual Attention and Social Cognition in Individuals with Schizophrenia(2020-08) Klein, Hans S.; 0000-0001-7715-8154 (Klein, HS); Pinkham, Amy E.Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between faulty visual attention and poorer social cognition within individuals with schizophrenia. One potential explanatory model for this relationship suggests that faulty neuromodulation in specific neural networks may result in poorer attention to socially important cues, leading to poorer understanding of another’s emotional state or intentions. The current study experimentally manipulated neural networks using tDCS to examine this potential causal mechanism. Using a double-blind crossover design, 74 participants underwent both active and sham stimulation to either the ventral attention network (rTPJ) or the social brain network (dmPFC). Following stimulation, participants completed tasks assessing emotion recognition (ER40; BLERT) and Theory of Mind (TASIT). Concurrent eye tracking assessed visual attention, measuring the proportion of time spent attending to socially and contextually important stimuli. The primary aim of the study was to determine whether stimulation to the rTPJ improves visual attention based upon eye tracking, and secondary aims were to determine 1) whether stimulation improves performance on the social cognitive tasks and 2) whether visual attention moderates this improved performance. For emotion recognition, results failed to support the proposed model, with stimulation impacting neither visual attention nor social cognitive task accuracy. Similarly, neurostimulation failed to impact visual attention on the ToM task. However, we saw significant improvement in ToM accuracy after stimulation to the active comparator, dmPFC, with no improvement after stimulation to rTPJ. Although the current results require replication, this study demonstrates no effect of a single stimulation session on visual attention and emotion recognition accuracy, and via a somewhat limited effect on ToM performance, directly challenges our proposed model for deficits in this social cognitive domain. Instead, findings provide some support for an alternate model, which highlights the importance of executive functions, not visual attention, in ToM within individuals with schizophrenia.