Browsing by Author "Kozlov, Mikhail E."
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Item Harvesting Temperature Fluctuations as Electrical Energy Using Torsional and Tensile Polymer Muscles(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2015-09-28) Kim, Shi Hyeong; Lima, M©rcio D.; Kozlov, Mikhail E.; Haines, Carter S.; Spinks, Geoffrey M.; Aziz, Shazed; Choi, Changsoon; Sim, Hyeon Jun; Wang, Xuemin; Lu, Hongbing; Qian, Dong; Madden, John D. W.; Baughman, Ray H.; Kim, Seon Jeong; 0000 0003 5232 4253 (Baughman, RH); Lima, M©rcio D.; Kozlov, Mikhail E.; Wang, Xuemin; Lu, Hongbing; Qian, Dong; Baughman, Ray H.Diverse means have been deployed for harvesting electrical energy from mechanical actuation produced by low-grade waste heat, but cycle rate, energy-per-cycle, device size and weight, or cost have limited applications. We report the electromagnetic harvesting of thermal energy as electrical energy using thermally powered torsional and tensile artificial muscles made from inexpensive polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread. We show that a coiled 27 μm-diameter nylon muscle fiber can be driven by 16.7 ⁰C air temperature fluctuations to spin a magnetic rotor to a peak torsional rotation speed of 70000 rpm for over 300000 heating-cooling cycles without performance degradation. By employing resonant fluctuations in air temperature of 19.6 ⁰C, an average output electrical power of 124 W per kg of muscle was realized. Using tensile actuation of polyethylene-based coiled muscles and alternating flows of hot and cold water, up to 1.4 J of electrical energy was produced per cycle. The corresponding per cycle electric energy and peak power output, per muscle weight, were 77 J kg⁻¹ and 28 W kg⁻¹, respectively.Item Magnetic Torsional Actuation of Carbon Nanotube Yarn Artificial Muscle(Royal Society of Chemistry) Lee, D. W.; Kim, S. H.; Kozlov, Mikhail E.; Lepró, Xavier; Baughman, Ray H.; Kim, S. J.; 0000 0003 5232 4253 (Baughman, RH); 0000-0002-0166-3127 (Lepró, X); 0000-0001-5845-5137 (Baughman, RH); Kozlov, Mikhail E.; Lepró, Xavier; Baughman, Ray H.Magnetically driven torsional actuation of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) yarn was realized by first biscrolling NdFeB magnetic particles into helical yarn corridors to make a magnetic MWNT yarn. The actuating device comprised a pristineMWNT yarn that was connected to the magnetic MWNT yarn, with a paddle attached between these yarns. The application of a magnetic field reversibly drove torsional actuation of up to 80° within ∼0.67 seconds. This magnetic actuator was remotely powered, and its actuation stroke was the same when the muscle array was at 20 °C and at -100 °C.