BBS Faculty Research
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Browsing BBS Faculty Research by Subject "Adolescent"
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Item Adolescents Show Differential Dysfunctions Related to Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Severity in Emotion and Executive Attention Neuro-Circuitries(Elsevier Inc.) Aloi, J.; Blair, K. S.; Crum, K. I.; Meffert, H.; White, S. F.; Tyler, P. M.; Thornton, L. C.; Mobley, A. M.; Killanin, A. D.; Adams, K. O.; Filbey, Francesca M.; Pope, K.; Blair, R. J. R.; 0000 0001 3618 6298 (Filbey, FM); Filbey, Francesca M.Alcohol and cannabis are two substances that are commonly abused by adolescents in the United States and which, when abused, are associated with negative medical and psychiatric outcomes across the lifespan. These negative psychiatric outcomes may reflect the detrimental impact of substance abuse on neural systems mediating emotion processing and executive attention. However, work indicative of this has mostly been conducted either in animal models or adults with Alcohol and/or Cannabis Use Disorder (AUD/CUD). Little work has been conducted in adolescent patients. In this study, we used the Affective Stroop task to examine the relationship in 82 adolescents between AUD and/or CUD symptom severity and the functional integrity of neural systems mediating emotional processing and executive attention. We found that AUD symptom severity was positively related to amygdala responsiveness to emotional stimuli and negatively related to responsiveness within regions implicated in executive attention and response control (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus) as a function of task performance. In contrast, CUD symptom severity was unrelated to amygdala responsiveness but positively related to responsiveness within regions including precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule as a function of task performance. These data suggest differential impacts of alcohol and cannabis abuse on the adolescent brain.Item First Impressions of Adults with Autism Improve with Diagnostic Disclosure and Increased Autism Knowledge of Peers(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017-10-17) Sasson, Noah J.; Morrison, Kerrianne E.; 81829133 (Sasson, NJ); Sasson, Noah J.; Morrison, Kerrianne E.A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers.