When Physics Meets Biology: Low and High-Velocity Penetration, Blunt Impact, and Blast Injuries to the Brain

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dc.contributor.authorYoung, Leanneen_US
dc.contributor.authorRule, Gregory T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBocchieri, Robert T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWalilko, Timothy J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBurns, Jennie M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLing, Geoffreyen_US
dc.contributor.utdAuthorYoung, Leanne
dc.date.accessioned2016-12-16T23:17:12Z
dc.date.available2016-12-16T23:17:12Z
dc.date.created2015-05-07
dc.description.abstractThe incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the US has reached epidemic proportions with well over 2 million new cases reported each year. TBI can occur in both civilians and warfighters, with head injuries occurring in both combat and non-combat situations from a variety of threats, including ballistic penetration, acceleration, blunt impact, and blast. Most generally, TBI is a condition in which physical loads exceed the capacity of brain tissues to absorb without injury. More specifically, TBI results when sufficient external force is applied to the head and is subsequently converted into stresses that must be absorbed or redirected by protective equipment. If the stresses are not sufficiently absorbed or redirected, they will lead to damage of extracranial soft tissue and the skull. Complex interactions and kinematics of the head, neck and jaw cause strains within the brain tissue, resulting in structural, anatomical damage that is characteristic of the inciting insult. This mechanical trauma then initiates a neuro-chemical cascade that leads to the functional consequences of TBI, such as cognitive impairment. To fully understand the mechanisms by which TBI occurs, it is critically important to understand the effects of the loading environments created by these threats. In the following, a review is made of the pertinent complex loading conditions and how these loads cause injury. Also discussed are injury thresholds and gaps in knowledge, both of which are needed to design improved protective systems.;en_US
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationYoung, Leanne, Gregory T. Rule, Robert T. Bocchieri, Timothy J. Walilko, et al. 2015. "When physics meets biology: low and high-velocity penetration, blunt impact, and blast injuries to the brain." Frontiers In Neurology 6, doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00089en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-2295en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10735.1/5184
dc.identifier.volume6en_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Research Foundationen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00089
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0 (Attribution)en_US
dc.rights©2015 The Authors.en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers In Neurologyen_US
dc.subjectBallisticsen_US
dc.subjectBlast effecten_US
dc.subjectBlunt traumaen_US
dc.subjectBrain Injuriesen_US
dc.subjectSpeeden_US
dc.titleWhen Physics Meets Biology: Low and High-Velocity Penetration, Blunt Impact, and Blast Injuries to the Brainen_US
dc.typetext
dc.type.genrearticleen_US

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