Thermoacoustic Sound Projector: Exceeding the Fundamental Efficiency of Carbon Nanotubes

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dc.contributor.ISNI0000 0003 5232 4253 (Baughman, RH)
dc.contributor.ORCID0000-0001-5845-5137 (Baughman, RH)
dc.contributor.authorAliev, Ali E.
dc.contributor.authorCodoluto, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBaughman, Ray H.
dc.contributor.authorOvalle-Robles, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorInoue, Kanzan
dc.contributor.authorRomanov, Stepan A.
dc.contributor.authorNasibulin, Albert G.
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Prashant
dc.contributor.authorPriya, Shashank
dc.contributor.authorMayo, Nathanael K.
dc.contributor.authorBlottman, John B.
dc.contributor.utdAuthorAliev, Ali E.
dc.contributor.utdAuthorCodoluto, Daniel
dc.contributor.utdAuthorBaughman, Ray H.
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-27T20:38:06Z
dc.date.available2019-09-27T20:38:06Z
dc.date.created2018-06-05
dc.descriptionFull text access from Treasures at UT Dallas is restricted to current UTD affiliates (use the provided Link to Article).
dc.description.abstractThe combination of smooth, continuous sound spectra produced by a sound source having no vibrating parts, a nanoscale thickness of a flexible active layer and the feasibility of creating large, conformal projectors provoke interest in thermoacoustic phenomena. However, at low frequencies, the sound pressure level (SPL) and the sound generation efficiency of an open carbon nanotube sheet (CNTS) is low. In addition, the nanoscale thickness of fragile heating elements, their high sensitivity to the environment and the high surface temperatures practical for thermoacoustic sound generation necessitate protective encapsulation of a freestanding CNTS in inert gases. Encapsulation provides the desired increase of sound pressure towards low frequencies. However, the protective enclosure restricts heat dissipation from the resistively heated CNTS and the interior of the encapsulated device. Here, the heat dissipation issue is addressed by short pulse excitations of the CNTS. An overall increase of energy conversion efficiency by more than four orders (from 10⁻⁵ to 0.1) and the SPL of 120 dB re 20 μPa @ 1 m in air and 170 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m in water were demonstrated. The short pulse excitation provides a stable linear increase of output sound pressure with substantially increased input power density (> 2.5 W cm⁻². We provide an extensive experimental study of pulse excitations in different thermodynamic regimes for freestanding CNTSs with varying thermal inertias (single-walled and multiwalled with varying diameters and numbers of superimposed sheet layers) in vacuum and in air. The acoustical and geometrical parameters providing further enhancement of energy conversion efficiency are discussed.
dc.description.departmentSchool of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
dc.description.departmentAlan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research work was supported by the Office of Naval Research grants N00014-14-1-0152, N00014-17-1-2521, Army Research Office STTR Contract #W911NF-15-P-0023, and the Robert A Welch Foundation Grant AT-0029.
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationAliev, Ali E., Daniel Codoluto, Ray H. Baughman, Raquel Ovalle-Robles, et al. 2018. "Thermoacoustic sound projector: exceeding the fundamental efficiency of carbon nanotubes." Nanotechnology 29(32): art. 325704, doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac509
dc.identifier.issn0957-4484
dc.identifier.issue32
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10735.1/6926
dc.identifier.volume29
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP Publishing Ltd
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aac509
dc.rights©2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.
dc.source.journalNanotechnology
dc.subjectGraphene
dc.subjectCarbon nanotubes
dc.subjectHeat--Transmission
dc.subjectSound
dc.titleThermoacoustic Sound Projector: Exceeding the Fundamental Efficiency of Carbon Nanotubes
dc.type.genrearticle

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