Enhancing Innovation and Underlying Neural Mechanisms via Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults

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dc.contributor.authorChapman, Sandra Bonden_US
dc.contributor.authorSpence, Jeffrey S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Sinaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKeebler, Molly W.en_US
dc.contributor.utdAuthorChapman, Sandra Bonden_US
dc.contributor.utdAuthorSpence, Jeffrey S.en_US
dc.contributor.utdAuthorAslan, Sinaen_US
dc.contributor.utdAuthorKeebler, Molly W.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-20T16:16:14Z
dc.date.available2018-08-20T16:16:14Z
dc.date.created2017-10–09
dc.descriptionIncludes supplementary materialen_US
dc.description.abstractNon-invasive interventions, such as cognitive training (CT) and physical exercise, are gaining momentum as ways to augment both cognitive and brain function throughout life. One of the most fundamental yet little studied aspects of human cognition is innovative thinking, especially in older adults. In this study, we utilize a measure of innovative cognition that examines both the quantity and quality of abstracted interpretations. This randomized pilot trial in cognitively normal adults (56-75 years) compared the effect of cognitive reasoning training (SMART) on innovative cognition as measured by Multiple Interpretations Measure (MIM). We also examined brain changes in relation to MIM using two MRI-based measurement of arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to measure default mode and central executive network (CEN) synchrony at rest. Participants (N = 58) were randomized to the CT, physical exercise (physical training, PT) or control (CN) group where CT and PT groups received training for 3 h/week over 12 weeks. They were assessed at baseline-, mid-and post-training using innovative cognition and MRI measures. First, the CT group showed significant gains pre- to post-training on the innovation measure whereas the physical exercise and control groups failed to show significant gains. Next, the CT group showed increased CBF in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), two nodes within the Default Mode Network (DMN) compared to physical exercise and control groups. Last, significant correlations were found between innovation performance and connectivity of two major networks: CEN (positive correlation) and DMN (negative correlation). These results support the view that both the CEN and DMN are important for enhancement of innovative cognition. We propose that neural mechanisms in healthy older adults can be modified through reasoning training to better subserve enhanced innovative cognition.en_US
dc.description.departmentCenter for BrainHealthen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute of Health (RC1-AG035954, R01-NS067015, R01-AG033106).en_US
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationChapman, Sandra B., Jeffrey S. Spence, Sina Aslan, and Molly W. Keebler. 2017. "Enhancing Innovation and Underlying Neural Mechanisms Via Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults." Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 9(314), doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00314en_US
dc.identifier.issn1663-4365en_US
dc.identifier.issue314en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10735.1/5976
dc.identifier.volume9en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Media SAen_US
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00314en_US
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0 (Attribution)en_US
dc.rights©2017 The Authors. All Rights Reserved.en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Aging Neuroscienceen_US
dc.subjectBrain Injuries, Traumaticen_US
dc.subjectDivergent thinkingen_US
dc.subjectLife spans (Biology)en_US
dc.subjectCreativityen_US
dc.subjectMemoryen_US
dc.subjectPlasticityen_US
dc.subjectGeriatricsen_US
dc.subjectAgingen_US
dc.subjectCognitionen_US
dc.subjectCreativityen_US
dc.subjectCerebrovascular Circulationen_US
dc.subjectExerciseen_US
dc.subjectGerontologyen_US
dc.subjectOlder peopleen_US
dc.subjectMagnetic Resonance Imagingen_US
dc.subjectPrefrontal Cortexen_US
dc.subjectGyrus Cingulien_US
dc.titleEnhancing Innovation and Underlying Neural Mechanisms via Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adultsen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dc.type.genrearticleen_US

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