Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia: A Theoretical Update in Tinnitus

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dc.contributor.authorDe Ridder, Dirken_US
dc.contributor.authorVanneste, Sven (UT Dallas)en_US
dc.contributor.authorLangguth, Bertholden_US
dc.contributor.authorLlinas, Rodolfoen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-26T19:14:02Z
dc.date.available2016-09-26T19:14:02Z
dc.date.created2015-06-09
dc.description.abstractTinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source. Pathophysiologically it has been attributed to bottom-up deafferentation and/or top-down noise-cancelling deficit. Both mechanisms are proposed to alter auditory -thalamocortical signal transmission, resulting in thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD). In deafferentation, TCD is characterized by a slowing down of resting state alpha to theta activity associated with an increase in surrounding gamma activity, resulting in persisting cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma activity. Theta burst-firing increases network synchrony and recruitment, a mechanism, which might enable long-range synchrony, which in turn could represent a means for finding the missing thalamocortical information and for gaining access to consciousness. Theta oscillations could function as a carrier wave to integrate the tinnitus-related focal auditory gamma activity in a consciousness enabling network, as envisioned by the global workspace model. This model suggests that focal activity in the brain does not reach consciousness, except if the focal activity becomes functionally coupled to a consciousness enabling network, aka the global workspace. In limited deafferentation, the missing information can be retrieved from the auditory cortical neighborhood, decreasing surround inhibition, resulting in TCD. When the deafferentation is too wide in bandwidth, it is hypothesized that the missing information is retrieved from theta-mediated parahippocampal auditory memory. This suggests that based on the amount of deafferentation TCD might change to parahippocampocortical persisting and thus pathological theta-gamma rhythm. From a Bayesian point of view, in which the brain is conceived as a prediction machine that updates its memory-based predictions through sensory updating, tinnitus is the result of a prediction error between the predicted and sensed auditory input. The decrease in sensory updating is reflected by decreased alpha activity and the prediction error results in theta-gamma and beta-gamma coupling. Thus, TCD can be considered as an adaptive mechanism to retrieve missing auditory input in tinnitus.;en_US
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationDe Ridder, Dirk, Sven Vanneste, Berthold Langguth, and Rodolfo Llinas. 2015. "Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia: A Theoretical Update in Tinnitus." Frontiers in Neurology 6, doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00124.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-2295en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10735.1/5071
dc.identifier.volume6en_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Research Foundationen_US
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00124en_US
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0 (Attribution)en_US
dc.rights©2015 The Authorsen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Neurologyen_US
dc.subjectBayesian statistical decision theoryen_US
dc.subjectElectroencephalographyen_US
dc.subjectMagnetoencephalographyen_US
dc.subjectThalamocortical dysrhythmiaen_US
dc.subjectTinnitusen_US
dc.subjectCross-frequency couplingen_US
dc.titleThalamocortical Dysrhythmia: A Theoretical Update in Tinnitusen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dc.type.genrearticleen_US

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